1、speculation，[ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn]，沉思, 推测, 投机, there's been speculation(推测) that those programs might include nuclear programs.
suspicious and speculation
speculate，[ˈspekjuleɪt]，思索，猜测，推测。
2、vigil，['vidʒil],（陪伴病人、祈祷、表达不同政见等的）不眠时间；（尤指）值夜，守夜.
vigilance，[ˈvɪdʒɪləns]，a.警戒,警惕
Until then(直到那时), we have to maintain our vigilance and resolve(我们必须保持警惕和决心), to keep ourselves, our loved ones and our neighbours all safe.
Constant vigilance，经常保持警惕.
In spite of vigilance, he escaped.尽管有所警戒,他还是逃跑了.
Drugs are a problem that requires constant vigilance.需要对毒品问题保持长期警惕.
take vigilance保持警惕.
3、 footage，n.镜头,片段.影片长度 ; 影片尺数. 其实也有短视频的意思。
some good footage of the royal wedding.一些皇家婚礼的精彩镜头.
stationary footage固定镜头.
footage即影片素材，是指原始的未经剪辑的由电影摄影机或视频录像机拍到的原始视频材料。通过剪辑素材片段，才能创造出电影。
The origin of the term "footage" comes from early 35 mm silent film, which is traditionally measured in feet and frames; the fact that film was measured by length in cutting rooms, and that there are 16 frames (4-perf film format) in a foot of 35 mm film which roughly represented 1 second of screen time (frame rate) in some early silent films, made footage a natural unit of measure for film. foot就是英尺。
4、renovate，['renәuveit]，翻新，修复。
resonate，['rezәneit]，发出回响。
5、scrub，[skrʌb]，v.刷洗; 擦洗; 取消(原有安排);
be scrubbed immediately(封号)
6、poignant，令人痛苦的，酸楚的；深深打动人的.
it was really a very poignant moment.
7、apparatus，[ˌæpəˈrætəs]，n.装置 器具 器械 仪器 器官 机构 组织
military apparatus军事机构.
9、the most infamous example，['infәmәs]，臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的。
9、dictate，['dikteit]，vt./vi.口授，命令，听写，n.指挥 指令。
it’s dictated by the results of your latest COVID test,这是由...决定的。
10、detract，[dɪˈtrækt]，对…产生不利影响；眨低；有损。
denounce，[dɪˈnaʊns]，vt.谴责，声讨，告发.
renounce，放弃，抛弃。